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2.4 Ions and ionic bonds

1. Formation of ion

Metals have fewer electrons (<4) at outer shell, and they have tendency to lose electrons to form positively charged ion, which is called cation.

formation-of-cation-1

Group I	Li⁺	lithium ion
	Na⁺	sodium ion
	K⁺	potassium ion
Group II	Mg²⁺	magnesium ion
	Ca²⁺	calcium ion
	Ba²⁺	barium ion
Group III	Al³⁺	aluminium ion
Transition metal	Cu⁺	copper(I) ion
	Cu²⁺	copper(II) ion
	Fe²⁺	iron(II) ion
	Fe³⁺	iron(III) ion

Table: Name of cation

Non-metals have more electrons (>4) at outer shell, and they have tendency to gain electrons to form negatively charged ion, which is called anion.

Formation-of-anion-1

Group VII	F^–	fluoride
	Cl^–	chloride
	Br^–	bromide
	I^–	iodide
Group VI	O^2-	oxide
	S^2-	sulfide
Group V	N^3-	nitride
	P^3-	phosphide

Table: Name of anion

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2024-04-23

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Chemistry Teacher (Wang J.J.)

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